Mammalian Cell Culture

Streptozotocin (Streptozocin; STZ) is an antibiotic widely used in experimental animal models of induced diabetes. Streptozotocin enters B cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and causes the alkylation of DNA ( DNA-methylating ). Streptozotocin can induce the apoptosis of β cells.

Bleomycin sulfate is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Bleomycin hydrochloride is a DNA damaging agent. Bleomycin sulfate is an antitumor antibiotic.

Neomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, exerts antibacterial activity through irreversible binding of the nuclear 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. Neomycin sulfate is a known phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. Neomycin sulfate potently inhibits both the nuclear translocation of angiogenin and angiogenin-induced cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Neomycin sulfate inhibits IP3-mediated Ca²⁺ release, MgATP-dependent Ca²⁺ uptake, and electrical excitation-evoked skeletal muscle Ca²⁺ transients. Neomycin sulfate depletes gut microbiota in specific mouse models, causes hearing impairment, and kidney damage with prolonged exposure. Neomycin sulfate can be used for the research of cancer.

Nystatin is an orally active polyene antifungal antibiotic effective against yeast and mycoplasma. Nystatin increases the permeability of plasma membranes to small monovalent ions, including chloridion. Nystatin is a cholesterol-sequestering agent, partially prevents Oxaliplatin-induced lipid raft aggregation, DR4 and DR5 clustering, and thereby reduces apoptosis.

Gentamicin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, inhibits the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and to inhibit several strains of mycoplasma in tissue culture. Gentamicin sulfate inhibits DNase I with an IC₅₀ of 0.57 mM.

Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with oral activity. Tetracycline exhibits activity against a wide range of bacteria including gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas and rickettsiae. Tetracycline can be used for the research of infections.

Kanamycin (Kanamycin A) sulfate is an orally active antibacterial (gram-negative/positive bacteria) agent, inhibits translocation and causes misencoding by binding to the 70 S ribosomal subunit. Kanamycin sulfate shows good inhibitory activity to both M. tuberculosis (sensitive and drug-resistant ) and K. pneumonia, which can be used in studies of tuberculosis and pneumonia.

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms.

Tetracycline hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with oral activity. Tetracycline hydrochloride exhibits activity against a wide range of bacteria including gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas and rickettsiae. Tetracycline hydrochloride can be used for the research of infections.

Polymyxin B Sulfate is an antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate inhibits Gram-negative infections by binding to the LPS of the bacterial wall with high affinity. Polymyxin B Sulfate neutralizes the effect of endotoxin. Polymyxin B Sulfate induces bacterial death by increasing its permeability. Polymyxin B Sulfate is used in endotoxemia research.

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by actinomycete?Streptomyces erythreus?with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Erythromycin binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibits?RNA-dependent protein synthesis?by blockage of transpeptidation and/or translocation reactions, without affecting synthesis of nucleic acid^[1][2]. Erythromycin also exhibits antitumor and neuroprotective effect in different fields of research^[3][4].

Cerulenin, a potent, natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN), is an epoxide produced by the fungus Cephalosporium caeruleus. Cerulenin inhibits topoisomerase I catalytic activity and augments SN-38-induced apoptosis. Cerulenin has antifungal and antitumor activies.

Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and inhibits the growth of a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride acts by selectively targeting to the bacterial ribosome and interrupting protein synthesis. Spectinomycin dihydrochloride is also a noncompetitive inhibitor of td intron RNA with an K_i value of 7.2 mM^-.

Penicillin G potassium is a fast-acting penicillin family antibiotic. Penicillin G potassium can be used for the research of bacterial infections that affect the blood, heart, lungs, joints, and genital areas.

Penicillin G sodium salt is a typical β-lactam antibiotic.

Alamethicin is a linear 20-amino acid antibiotic, which can induce voltage-gated conductance in model and cell membranes. Alamethicin exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative bacteria. Alamethicin can form an amphipathic α-helical structure in biological membranes.

Paromomycin (Aminosidine) sulfate, a neomycin (HY-B0470) derivative, is a broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic with amebicidal and bactericidal effects. Paromomycin sulfate prematures termination of translation of mRNA and inhibits protein synthesis by specifically binds to the RNA oligonucleotide at the A site of bacterial 30S ribosomes. Paromomycin sulfate can be used for the research of bacterial and parasitic infections.

Tylosin (Tylosin A) is a macrolide antibiotic found naturally as a fermentation product of Streptomyces fradiae. Tylosin exerts potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Tylosin is widely used as a feed additive for promoting animal growth. Tylosin is used for veterinary purposes against bacterial dysentery and respiratory diseases in poultry, pigs and cattle.

Capreomycin sulfate is a macrocyclic peptide antibiotic that inhibits phenylalanine synthesis in mycobacterial ribosomal translation. Capreomycin sulfate has anti-amyloidogenic and pro-fibrinolytic activities, reducing amyloid-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting the occurrence of amyloid fibrillation. Capreomycin sulfate can be used in the study of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Lincomycin hydrochloride (U10149A) is an orally active lincosamide antibiotic. Lincomycin hydrochloride binds to the ribosomes of Gram-positive bacteria to inhibit protein synthesis. Lincomycin hydrochloride can inhibit chloroplast translation, disrupt chloroplast integrity, and activate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Lincomycin hydrochloride induces alterations in lipid profiles and liver injury, disrupts blood glucose and insulin levels, and increases growth rate in mice.